SUPERGUARD Doctors Choice HAND SANITIZER Why is 70% alcohol is most effective for sanitizer? Water is crucial for destroying viruses and bacteria as it serves as a catalyst and play a key role in denaturing the proteins of cell membranes of the micro-organism. 70% alcohol concentrates penetrate cell membrane more completely and permeates the entire cell, thus killing the bacteria and viruses instantly   What if the Alcohol concentration is more than 70% eg. 99% etc it will become less effective. Reason is if the alcohol has too little water, it coagulate proteins instantly. This form a protective layer which then protects other proteins from further coagulation. Some micro-organism may still be killed but it requires a much longer time. This can be as long as an hour or more compared to just seconds for sanitizer with 70% alcohol content What if the Alcohol concentration is LESS than 70% eg. 99% etc      Too much water slows evaporation and require longer surface contact time to kill viruses and bacteria   Isopropyl Alcohol versus Ethanol   Isopropyl Alcohol, often called as IPA, is similar in function and structure to Ethanol. Both evaporates at same rate and destroy bacteria and virus cells using the same mechanism. However, IPA is not as effective at dehydrating living tissue and as such it is a much better solution for disinfecting skin than Ethanol That is why Isopropyl Alcohol has been the most preferred sanitizing agent for all hospitals and professionals worldwide Liquid Sanitizer vs GEL Studies has shown that Liquid Alcohol Sanitizer is more effective than Gel mainly because 1. Liquid spreads faster and more thorough on the skin than gel 2. Liquid alcohol eliminates bacteria and viruses in approximately 15 seconds whereas Gel takes approximately 30 seconds 3. Liquid sanitizer is non sticky after spray